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The whole class were deeply inpressed by his speech. The audience was rather small. The audience were excited by his speech. -------Ê£¿ô¤Î¤ß------ The plice are investigating the case. There were several people on the street. ½ã¿è²Ä»»Ì¾»ì¡ÊÉԲĻ»É½¸½¡Ë tube ¢ª tubing machine ¢ª machinery act ¢ª action ¡Ê£±²ó¤Î¹ÔÆ°¡áact¤Î¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ë¡Ë ²Ä»»Ì¾»ì ¢ª ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì²½ ­¡Ãê¾Ý̾»ì²½¡Ê½Ï¸ì¿¤·¡Ë a school ¢ª go to school ¡Ê³Ø½¬¡Ë a church ¢ª go to church ¡ÊÎéÇÒ¡Ë a bed ¢ª go to bed ¡Ê½¢¿²¡Ë ­¢Êª¼Á̾»ì²½ a checken ¢ª checken ·Ü ¢ª ·Ü¤ÎÆù ­£¸Çͭ̾»ì²½¡Ê̵´§»ì²½¡Ë (a)¿Í̾¤Ë¤è¤ë½¤¾þ¡§ John's book President Eisenhower's speech. (b) ½êÍ­Âå̾»ì¤Ë¤è¤ë½¤¾þ his hat my book (c) ¤½¤Î¾: uncle, father, mother, ²È² ¿Æ² Captuim Smith, Professor Nogata ¿¦¡¢¾Î¹æ Next Sunday, lest Saturday ½¬´· Contents, Intoroduction, ɸ½à¡¢·Ç¼¨ Wayout û½Ì¤òÍפ¹¤ë¸ì¶ç ½ã¿èÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì¡Ê²Ä»»É½¸½¡Ë 1¡Ë information ¢ª a bit of information 2¡Ë equipment 3¡Ë knowledge 4¡Ë evidence 5¡Ë advice 6¡Ë encouragement 7¡Ë assistance 8¡Ë help 9¡Ë health 10¡Ë dependence 11¡Ë precipitation ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì¡§ ¸Çͭ̾»ì (1) ¿Í¡¢¹ñ¡¢³¹Ï©¡¢»Ô¡¢Ä®¤Î̾Á°¤ò¡¢Ã±ÆȤǸÇͭ̾»ì¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢´§»ì ¤Ï¤Ä¤«¤Ê¤¤¡£Î㡧 I live in New York City on the corner of Broadway and 76th St. I heard that Mr. Smith was going to Russia, England, and France. (2) ¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¸Çͭ̾»ì¤¬ ¾¤Î̾»ì¤ò½¤¾þ¤¹¤ë·ÁÍÆ»ì¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦»þ¤Ï¡¢ ´§»ì¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ë¡£Î㡧 Mexico has a warm climate. Chicago is a large city. The Mexican climate is warm. The Chicago fire was a large one. (3) ¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢¸Çͭ̾»ì¤¬¡¢Â礭¤¯Å»¤Þ¤Ã¤¿²Ï¡¢³¤¡¢»³Ì®¡¢¹ñÅù¤Î¹½À®°÷¡Êʪ¡Ë ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤òÆÃÄꤹ¤ëµ¡Ç½¤ò¤â¤Ä»þ¡¢ Äê´§»ì¤¬¤Ä¤¯¡£ The Mississippi River, the Ural Mountains, the Paciffic Ocean, the United States, the Soviet Uinon, the Dominican Republic etc. ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì ¢ª ²Ä»»Ì¾»ì²½ ­¡Ãê¾Ý̾»ì¤Î²Ä»»²½ ¨£¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¤ ¨£¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¤ ¨¢¾õÂÖ state ¨¢ ¨¢¼êÃÊ means ¨¢ ¨¢¼Á quality ¨¢ ¨¢µ¡´Ø an agency ¨¢ ¨¢¾ò·ï condition¨¢ ¨¢Æ»¶ñ instrument¨¢ ¨¢ ÄøÅÙ degree ¨¢ ¨¡¢ª ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨§¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨© ¨§¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨© ¨¢¹Ô°Ù act ¨¢ ¨¢¶ñÂÎÎã instance ¨¢ ¨¢ºî¶È action ¨¢ ¨¢»öÎã case ¨¢ ¨¢¸½¾Ý ¨¢ ¨¢»ºÊª product ¨¢ ¨¢²áÄø process ¨¢ ¨¢·ë²Ìʪ result ¨¢ ¨¦¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¥ ¨¦¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¥ ¶ñÂÎÎã¡Êinstance¡Ë¡§ Thank you for your kindnesses »öÎã¡Êcase¡Ë¡§ There were three deaths ·ë²Ìʪ¡§ a correction ½¤Àµ¡¢improvements ²þÎÉÅÀ ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì ¢ª ²Ä»»Ì¾»ì²½¡Ê³¤­¡Ë ­¢Êª¼Á̾»ì¤Î²Ä»»Ì¾»ì²½ ¢¡¼ïÎà¤òɽ¤¹¤È¤­ he is good critic - of cheep wines ¢¡ºî¡ÊÀ½¡ËÉÊ¡¦¸Ä¡¹¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò¤µ¤¹ how many papers do you takes? ¿·Ê¹ Three coffees, please ¥³¡¼¥Ò¡¼£³¥Ð¥¤ ­£¸Çͭ̾»ì¤Î²Ä»»Ì¾»ì²½ ¢¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿Í He is a Newton of our day. ¢¡¤È¤¤¤¦¿Í There is a Mr.lto wants te see you ¢¡¤È¤¤¤¦À½ÉÊ¡¦Æûº She bought a hoover at supermarket. ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì ¢ª Ⱦ²Ä»»Ì¾»ì²½ ÉԲĻ»Ì¾»ì¤¬Ê£¿ô¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬´§»ì£á¤ò¤È¤ë¾ì¹ç knowledge Ãμ± ¢ª a good knowledge memory µ­²± ¢ª a short memory -MENT¡§ [¦Ô ¢ª n] 1¡Ë[u] the state, condition, or degree of ¡Ý ¾õÂÖ¡¢¾ò·ï¡¢ÄøÅÙ disappointment 2¡Ë[u] the act, process, or art of ¡Ý ¹Ô°Ù¡¢²áÄø¡¢µ»Ë¡ measurement movement 3¡Ë[c] a means, agency, instrument of ¡Ý ¼êÃÊ¡¢µ¡´Ø¡¢Æ»¶ñ a adornment a escapement 4¡Ë[c] product or case of ¡Ý À½ÉÊ¡¢°ìÎã a improvement a pavement -ion 1) [u] the state or condition of ¡Ý ¾õÂÖ¡¢¾ò·ï elation = euphoria 2) [u] the action (act) of ¡Ý ¹Ô°Ù translation condemnation correction ¡Ê½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¡Ë 3) [c] the product of or result of ¡Ý À½ÉÊ¡¤·ë²Ìʪ a conscription a correction ¡Ê½¤ÀµÊª¡Ë 4) [c] a case of ¡Ý £±Îã a ramification a observations ¡Ýence 1 ¦Ô¢ªn [u] state, quality, degree of being ¡Ý¾õÂÖ¡¢¼Á¡¢ÄøÅÙ excellence 2 ¦Ô¢ªn [u] action, act of ¡Ý ¹Ô°Ù¡¢ºî¶È conference ²ñµÄ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È 3 ¦Ô¢ªn [c] case, instance of ¡Ý £±Îã¡¢Îã a conference ²ñµÄ -ing 1) ¦Ô¢ªn[U] the action of- ¹Ô°Ù¡¢ºî¶È¡¢²áÄø She hates swimming. No Parking (on a notice) talking digging 2) ¦Ô¢ªn[U; C] something used for, or used for making-¸¶ÎÁ¡¢ºàÎÁ 10 yards of shirting a silk lining 3) ¦Ô¢ªn [C] a product or result of- ·ë²Ìʪ¡¢À¸»ºÊª to spend one's earnings a beautiful painting 4) ¦Ô¢ªn [C] a case or something that does- £±Îã to hold a meeting a covering for her head

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ñ¿ô¤ÈÊ£¿ô ¨£¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¨¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¨¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¤ ¨¢ ¨¢ ñ¿ô ¨¢ Ê£¿ô ¨¢ ¨§¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨«¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨«¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨© ¨¢¸«¤¨¤ë¤â¤Î ¨¢»Ø¼¨Âå̾»ì ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ this ¨¢ these ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ that ¨¢ those ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨§¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨«¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨© ¨¢ ¨¢ÉÔÄêÂå̾»ì ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ one, same, another ¨¢ ones, all ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ other ¨¢ others ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ each, any ¨¢ little, few, much, many¨¢ ¨§¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨«¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨«¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨© ¨¢¸«¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¨¢¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ì ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ ¨¢ I, you, he, she, it¨¢ they ¨¢ ¨¦¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨ª¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨ª¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¡¨¥ ¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ìPERSONAL PRONOUNS ¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ì¤ÎÌÜŪ³Ê¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÄ̤ꡣ Nominative Objective Nominative Objective I me we us you you you you he him they them she her it it ¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ì¤ÎÌÜŪ³Ê¤Ï¡¢Æ°»ì¤ÎľÀÜ¡¢´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¡¢Á°ÃÖ»ì¤ÎÌÜŪ¸ì¤È¤·¤Æ»È¤¦¡£ I know him well. He gives her many presents. I live near them. ºÆµ¢Âå̾»ì REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ºÆµ¢Âå̾»ì¤Ï¡§ myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. (1) ºÆµ¯ÅªÍÑË¡(reflexive use)¡§ ºÆµ¢Åª¤Ë¡¢¼ç¸ì¤òrefer back ¤¹¤ë¡£ The man shot himself. She burned herelf badly. (2) ¶¯Ä´ÅªÍÑË¡(Emphatic use) : ʸÃæ¤Î¿Í¤ò¶¯Ä´¤¹¤ë¡£ £Émyself will do the work. Helen herself will cook the meals. (3) ´·ÍÑŪÍÑË¡¡Êidiomatic use) : Á°ÃÖ»ì "by," ¤È¤È¤â¤Ë»È¤¤ ¡¢"alone" ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï¡¢"without help" ¤Î°ÕÌ£¤ò¤â¤¿¤¹¡£ She lives by herself in a furnished room. He prefers to study by himself.

II. Æ°»ì

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¡Ê£±¡Ë¸ºß¡¢Æ°¤­¡¢¤ò¤¢¤é¤ï¤¹¡£ ¡Ê£²¡ËÆ°»ì¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¡Ö½¤¾þ¡¿¸ÂÄê¡×¤¹¤ëÍ×ÁǤòȼ¤¦¡£ ¼«Æ°»ì intransitive verb ¾ư»ì transitive verb ¼øÍ¿Æ°»ì dative verb ¼«Æ°»ì intransitive verb ÌÜŪ¸ì¤ò¤È¤é¤Ê¤¤Æ°»ì¡£´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì(complete ¡Ý¡Ý)¤ÈÉÔ´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì (incomplete ¡Ý¡Ý)¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£Â¿¤¯¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤ë»þ¤Ï´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì¡¢Â¾¤Î»þ¤ÏÉÔ´°Á´¼«Æ° »ì¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£ ´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì¤Ï¡ãS+)V¡ä ¼ç³ÊÊä¸ì¤ò¤È¤é¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¡£ Birds fly.¡ãV¡ä Ä»¤ÏÈô¤Ö I am here, Mr.Smith. ¡ãV+Éû»ì¡ä ¥¹¥ß¥¹¤µ¤ó¡¢»ä¤Ï¤³¤³¤Ë¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤è Finally the party arrived at the village.¡ãV+Á°ÃÖ»ì+̾»ì¡ä ÉÔ´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì¤Ï¡ã(S+)V+C¡ä ¼ç³ÊÊä¸ì¤ò¤È¤ë¤â¤Î¡£ Robert is a student. ¡ãV+C(̾»ì)¡ä ¥í¥Ð¡¼¥È¤Ï³ØÀ¸¤Ç¤¹ It's me. ¡ãV+C(Âå̾»ì)¡ä ¤½¤ì¤Ï»ä¤Ç¤¹ He looks sad. ¡ãV+C(·ÁÍÆ»ì)¡ä Èà¤ÏÈᤷ¤½¤¦¤Ê´é¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë She kept crying all day. ¡ãV+C(¸½ºßʬ»ì)¡ä Èà½÷¤Ï°ìÆüÃæµã¤­Â³¤±¤¿¡£ ÉÔ´°Á´¼«Æ°»ì¤Î¼ç¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï be(...¤Ç¤¢¤ë), become(...¤Ë¤Ê¤ë), get(...¤Ë¤Ê¤ë), grow(...¤Ë¤Ê¤ë), keep(¤º¤Ã¤È...¤¹¤ë), look(...¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë), prove(...¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë), remain(...¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤Ç¤¢¤ë), seem(...¤Ë¤ß¤¨¤ë)¤Ê¤É¡£ ¾ư»ì transitive verb ÌÜŪ¸ì¤ò¤È¤ëÆ°»ì¤ò¤¤¤¦¡£ ÌÜŪ³ÊÊä¸ì¤ò¤È¤é¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤ò´°Á´Â¾Æ°»ì(complete transitive verb),ÌÜŪ³ÊÊä ¸ì¤ò¤È¤ë¤â¤Î¤òÉÔ´°Á´Â¾Æ°»ì¤È¸Æ¤Ö¡£ ´°Á´Â¾Æ°»ì <(S+)V+O> Won't you have a cup of coffee? Ž:Ž0ŽKŽ0¤ò°ìÇÕ¤ª°û¤ß¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤« I love you. ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤ò°¦¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹ Remember to post the letter. ¤½¤Î¼ê»æ¤ò½Ð¤¹¤Î¤ò˺¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë They never stopped talking. Èà¤é¤Ï¾¯¤·¤âÏäò¤ä¤á¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿ He promised that he would marry her. Èà¤ÏÈà½÷¤È·ëº§¤¹¤ë¤ÈÌ󫤷¤¿¡£ ÉÔ´°Á´Â¾Æ°»ì <(S+)V+O+C> He made his mother happy. Èà¤ÏÊì¿Æ¤ò¹¬Ê¡¤Ë¤·¤¿ He made me go there alone. Èà¤Ï»ä¤ò¤½¤³¤Ø°ì¿Í¤Ç¹Ô¤«¤»¤¿ I saw him enter the room. »ä¤ÏÈबÉô²°¤ËÆþ¤ë¤Î¤ò¸«¤¿ She had her hair cut. Èà½÷¤Ïȱ¤ÎÌÓ¤ò¥«¥Ã¥È¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤Ã¤¿ The keeps us warm. ÂÀÍۤΤª¤«¤²¤ÇÃȤ«¤¤ They elected him chairman. Èà¤é¤ÏÈà¤òµÄŤËÁª¤ó¤À ÉÔ´°Á´Â¾Æ°»ì¤Î¼ç¤Ê¤â¤Î¤Ï believe(...¤¬¡Á¤À¤È¿®¤º¤ë), call(...¤ò¡Á¤È¸Æ¤Ö), elect(...¤ò¡Á¤ËÁª¤Ö), feel(...¤¬¡Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò´¶¤¸¤ë), get, have(...¤Ë¡Á¤µ¤»¤ë, ¡Á¤ò¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦), hear(...¤¬¡Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤òʹ¤¯), keep(...¤ò¡Á¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯), leave(...¤ò¡Á¤Î¤Þ¤Þ ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤ª¤¯), let(...¤Ë¡Á¤µ¤»¤ë), make(...¤ò¡Á¤Ë¤¹¤ë, ...¤Ë¡Á¤µ¤»¤ë), see(...¤¬¡Á¤¹¤ë¤Î¤ò¸«¤ë), think(...¤ò¡Á¤È»×¤¦)Åù¡£ ¼«Æ°»ì ¤È ¾ư»ì ¿¤¯¤ÎÆ°»ì¤Ï¡¢Î¾·¿¤ò¼è¤ë¡£Ã¢¤·¡¢°ÕÌ£¤Î°Û¤Ê¤ë¤³¤È¿¤¤¡£ She always wears blue. He ware glasses. Time wears away. gear has worn down. ¼øÍ¿Æ°»ì dative verb give, send, bring, tell, write, make, lend, show ¤Ê¤É¤ÎÆ°»ì¤Ï¡¢¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð¡¢ ľÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤Î³°¡¢¿Í̾¤È¤«¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ì¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æɽ¤ï¤µ¤ì¤ë´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤ò¤â¤Ä¡£ ¤³¤Î´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤Ï¡¢¡Ö狼¤Ë¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï狼¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢¤¢¤ë»ö¤ò¤¹¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤òɽ¤ï¤¹¡£ ´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤Î°ÌÃÖ¡§ ´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¤ËľÀÜÌÜŪ¤¬Â³¤¯»þ¤Ï¡¢Á°ÃÖ»ì "to" ¤« "for" ¤ò»È¤¦¡£Á°ÃÖ»ì¤ò»È¤¦ »þ¤Ï¡¢´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¤¬Ä¾ÀÜÌÜŪ¤ËÀè¹Ô¤¹¤ë¡£ He sent her flowers. He sent flowers to her. He gave me the money. He gave the money to me. ´ÖÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤¬to¤Ç¸À¤¤¤«¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¼øÍ¿Æ°»ì¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¼õ¿È¤Îʸ¤¬£²¤Ä¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ for¤Ç¸À¤¤¤«¤¨¤é¤ì¤ëʸ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Ä¾ÀÜÌÜŪ¸ì¤ò¼ç¸ì¤È¤·¤¿¼õ¿È¤Îʸ¤Î¤ß¤Æ¤­¤ë¡£

£·¡£¶çÆ°»ì Phrase Verb

¶çÆ°»ì pharase verb ¤È¤Ï Æó¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¸ì¤¬¤Þ¤È¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ£±¸ì¤ÎÆ°»ì¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊƯ¤­¤ò¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¡£ÉáÄÌ¡¢Æ°»ì¤Ë Éû»ì¡§ down, off, out, up Á°Ãֻ졧 at, for, with ¤¬·ë¤ÓÉÕ¤¤¤Æ£±¸ì¤ÎÆ°»ì¤ÈƱ¤¸Æ¯¤­¤ò¤¹¤ë¡£Æü¾ïŪ¤Êɽ¸½¤Ç¤è¤¯ÍѤ¤¤ë¡£ ÆâÉô¹½À®¤«¤é£²·¿¤ËʬÎà¡£ A¡ÖÆ°»ì¡ÜÉû»ì¡Ê¡ÜÁ°ÃÖ»ì¡Ë¡×¤Î·¿ 1¡¥¡ã¼«Æ°»ì¡ÜÉû¡ä¡§ come out¡Êºé¤¯¡Ë 2¡¥¡ã¼«Æ°»ì¡ÜÉû¡ä¡§ take off ¡Ê椰¡Ë 3¡¥¡ã¼«Æ°»ì¡ÜÉû¡ÜÁ°¡ä¡§ put up with (..¤ò²æËý¤¹¤ë) ¡û¾ư»ì¤È¸«¤Ê¤¹ B¡ÖÆ°»ì¡Ü¡ÜÁ°ÃÖ»ì¡×¤Î·¿ 4¡¥¡ã¼«Æ°»ì¡ÜÁ°¡ä¡§ look for ¡Ê...¤òÁܤ¹¡Ë ¡û¾ư»ì¤È¸«¤Ê¤¹ 5¡¥¡ã¾ư»ì¡ÜÁ°¡ä¡§ take ...for¡Á¡Ê...¤ò¡Á¤À¤È»×¤¦¡Ë Æ°»ì¤ÈÉû»ì¤Î·ë¹ç ¡ÊÆ°»ì¡Ëbreak, bring ,call, carry, come, cut, do, draw, fall, find, fix, get,give, go, hand, have, hold, keep, knock, lay, leave, let, look, make, move, pass, pay, pick, play, pull, push, put, run, see, send, set, shut, sit, stand, stick,take, think, throw, turn, work, write ¡ÊÉû»ì¡Ëabout, across, along, around, aside, away, back, behind, by, down, forth, forward, in, off, on, out, over, round, through, togrther, under, up Éû»ì¤òÌÜŪ¸ì¤ÎÁ°¸å¤¤¤º¤ì¤Ë¤âÃÖ¤±¤ë¡£Î㡧 He took off his coat.¡ã£Ö¡ÜÉû¡Ü£Ï¡ä ¡áHe took his cort off. ¡ã£Ö¡Ü£Ï¡ÜÉû¡ä¡ÊÈà¤Ï¾åÃå¤ò椤¤À¡Ë ¤¿¤À¤·¡¢ÌÜŪ¸ì¤¬¿Í¾ÎÂå̾»ì¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¾ðÊó²ÁÃͤ¬Ä㤤¤È¤­¤Ï¡ã£Ö¡Ü£Ï¡ÜÉû¡ä¤Î½ç¡£ Îã³°¤È¤·¤Æ Éû»ì¤¬ÌÜŪ¸ì¤Î¡Ö¸å¡×¤Ë¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£¡ã£Ö¡Ü£Ï¡ÜÉû¡ä Get your wet clothes off. ¡ã£Ö¡Ü̾Ž%Âå¡Üoff¡ä¡Ê¤Ì¤ì¤¿Éþ¤ò椲¡Ë Éû»ì¤¬ÌÜŪ¸ì¤Î¡ÖÁ°¡×¤Ë¸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¡£¡ã£Ö¡ÜÉû¡Ü£Ï¡ä They did not give up hope. ¡ã£Ö¡Üup¡Ü£Ï¡ä ¡ÊÈà¤é¤Ï˾¤ß¤ò¼Î¤Æ ¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡Ë ¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£ ¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¸ì½ç¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Ï¶çÆ°»ì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤È´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë¡£ ¡Ô¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤âÌÜŪ¸ì¤¬Âå̾»ì¤Ê¤é¸¶Â§¤É¤ª¤ê¡ã£Ö¡Ü£Ï¡ÜÉû¡ä¤Î¸ì½ç¤È¤Ê¤ë¡Õ Æ°»ì¤ÈÁ°ÃÖ»ì¤Î·ë¹ç Á°ÃÖ»ì¤Î¤ß¡§ after, at, for, into, with Á°Ãֻ졿Éû»ì¡§ across, along, around, by, in, on, over, through ¤³¤Î¤È¤­¡¢ÌÜŪ¸ì¤Î°ÌÃ֤Ͼï¤ËÊѤï¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£Î㡧 She looked after him [his father].¡ÊÈà½÷¤ÏÈà¡ÖÈà¤ÎÉã¡×¤ÎÀ¤Ïäò¤· ¤¿¡Ë ¹½À®Í×ÁǤÎÆ°»ì¤¬¼«Æ°»ì¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢ÌÜŪ¸ì¤ò¤È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¾ư»ì¤È¤ß¤Ê¤¹¡£ Ä̾£±¸ì¤Î¾ư»ì¤È°Û¤Ê¤ê¼õ¿È·Á¤ÏÍѤ¤¤Ê¤¤¡£ Îã³°¡§ His father was looked after by a nurse.

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PUNCTUATION¡§ ¥³¥ó¥Þ "non-restrictive" Àá ¤ò¶èÀÚ¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£ "non-restrictive" Àá¤È¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÀ᤬½¤¾þ¤¹¤ëñ¸ì¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ°ÕµÁ¤¢¤ë¤¤¤Ï³Îǧ ¤ÎɬÍפ¬Ìµ¤¤Àá¡£´¹¸À¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï´Ý³ç¸ÌÆâ¤Ë¤¤¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ëÀá¡£ "restrictive" Àá¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¶çÆÉÅÀ¤Ï¤¤¤é¤Ê¤¤¡£ (Non-restrictive) Dr. Smith, who is clever, makes much money. (Restrictive) Any doctor who is clever makes much money. (Non-restrictive) Chicago, where we met, was then a pretty little town. (Restrictive) The place where we met was a pretty little town. PUNCTUATION¡§ ¥³¥ó¥Þ Ï¢¤Ê¤ë¸ì¡¢¶ç¤òÎ¥¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£ We need books, pencils, chairs, and desks. We played tennis, took long walks, went swimming. ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¡¢½»½ê¡¢ÃÏÍýŪ¤Ê¹àÌܤò»ÅÀÚ¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò»È¤¨¡£ He lives in Chicago, Illinois. It happened on Tuesday, November 27,1940. ³ç¸ÌŪɽ¸½¡¢±éÀâ¤Îñ¸ì¡¢Æ±³Ê¸ì¤ò»ÅÀÚ¤ë¤È¤­¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£ He was, to be sure, an excellent diplomat. And so, My Friends, you can see the results. John Smith, our butcher, was hurt recently. PUNCTUATION¡§ ¥³¥ó¥Þ Ť¤Éû»ì¶ç¤¬¤¢¤ê¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¼çÀá¤ÎÁ°¤Ë¤¢¤ë»þ¡¢Î¾¼Ô¤ò»ÅÀÚ¤¿¤á¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£ ¤Þ¤¿¡¢Àµ¾ï¤Ê°ÌÃÖ¤«¤é¤Ï¤ß½Ð¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¤¿¤áʸ¤ÎÀµ¾ï¤Ê½ç½ø¤ò˸¤²¤Æ¤¤¤ëÀ᤬¤¢ ¤ë¤È¤­¡¢¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£(¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÀ᤬ʸ¤Î½ª¤ï¤ê¤ËÀµ¾ï¤Ê°ÌÃ֤ˤ¢¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï¡¢ ¶çÆÉÅÀ¤ÏÉÔɬÍס£) When the wind began to blow so hard, we ran for shelter. He said that, if the rain continued much longer, we might have to postpone our trip. ¤·¤«¤·¡¢ He said that we might have to postpone our trip if the rain continued much longer. ÆÈΩ¶ç absolute phrases¤ò»ÅÀÚ¤ë¤È¤­¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£ÆÈΩ¶ç¤È¤Ï¡¢Ì¾»ì¤È ʬ»ì¤«¤é¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢Ê¸¤Î¾¤ÎÉôʬ¤ÈÆÈΩ¤ËºîÀ®¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ The rain having stopped, we decided to continue our trip.

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by, but Åù¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·Ò¤¬¤Ã¤¿ÆÈΩ¤ÎÀá¤òʬΥ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¥³¥ó¥Þ¤ò¤Ä¤«¤¨¡£(Èó¾ï¤Ë û¤¤Àá¤Ï¤Î¤¾¤¯)¡£ In the North there are many wheat fields, but in the South cotton fields predominate. We had great trouble in reaching him, but at last he answered. À᤬ by, and, but, or ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ·Ò¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¤·¤«¤·¡¢°ÕÌ£¤¬´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¤ ¤ë¤È¤­¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¥»¥ß¥³¥í¥ó¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ä¤Ê¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ In the North there are many wheat fields; in the South cotton fields predominate. We had great trouble in reaching him; at last, however, he answered.