Name of Division: Ophthalmology and Visual Science

　　　 Our department is responsible for clinical management, education and research in ophthalmology and visual science. Clinically, we manage all fields of external eye diseases, ocular surface disorders and intraocular diseases. Diagnostic examinations, medical therapy and surgical treatment for these diseases are extensively employed at our university hospital. Particularly, clinical management of ocular inflammatory disorders, pathologic myopia and neuro-ophthalmological diseases, and cataract surgery, and vitreo-retinal surgery are the major fields of our specialty. A five-year clinical training program to obtain Diplomate of Ophthalmology by Japanese Ophthalmological Society is employed at our eye clinic of the university hospital. A four-year program at graduate school is extensively employed for education and research in ophthalmology and visual science.

Staff

Education

　　Undergraduate Course

　Diseases of ophthalmology are systemically lectured in the classes at the 4th grade of medical school. Clinical practice is experienced at the 5th and 6th grade in the out-patient clinic, the ward, and operating theater.

　　Graduate Course

　Education and researches at the graduate school are focused on (1) immunology and molecular biology in inflammatory and infectious diseases of the eye, (2) neuro-ophthalmology, and (3) pathologic myopia.

　

Research Subjects

　(1) Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy in uveitis

　Uveitis is one of the major sight threatening disorders and consists of 3% of ocular diseases. The causes of uveitis are infectious, autoimmune and idiopathic. Even in infectious and autoimmune diseases, the precise pathogenic mechanisms are not understood in the majority of the diseases. We focused on the analysis of patho-physiology and pathologic mechanisms, development of diagnostic examinations and new therapies of various types of uveitis using immunological and molecular biological techniques. The major subjects of our research are Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, sarcoidosis, Behcet disease, sympathetic ophthalmia, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 uveitis, herpetic retinal necrosis and cytomegalovirus retinitis.

　(2) Neuro-Ophthalmology

　Clinical and basic science in neuro-ophthalmology field is carried on. In clinical ophthalmology field, a system to record visual evoked potentials elicited by pseudorandom binary sequence stimuli (PRBS-VEP) were developed in a co-work with Kanagawa Institute of Technology. With this method, Parbo- and Magno- cellular visual system in human brain can be evaluated simultaneously within 2 minutes very easily. Efficacy in evaluating ophthalmological diseases such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, optic neuritis and other disease have been presented. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used for measuring metabolic- and receptor- changes in vision related structures in human brain in co-work with Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. Result includes low glucose metabolism in medial frontal cortex in aplaxia of lid opening patients. Mechanism of generating amblyopia is also presented. In basic science research, experiments of metabolism- and receptor-changes in eyes and in vision related structures in rat brain were examined in various stages of development. PET imaging of eye ball with new receptor ligand is also investigated for the future adaptation in ophthalmology clinics.

　(3) Pathologic Myopia / Agniogenesis

　The major research interest is in gaining a greater understanding of the molecular mechanism of ocular angiogenesis in pathologic myopia. The roles of peptide growth and trophic factors in the retina and retinal pigment-epithelium (RPE) are investigated using in vitro tissue culture technique and animal models with an ultimate goal of developing new treatments for retinal and choroidal neovascularization. Also, clinical research investigating the features of high myopia, which is a major cause of choroidal neovascularization especially in Asian countries, has been performed.
　　　　(1) Angiogenic and anti-angiogenic growth factors
　　　　(2) Matrix metalloproteinases
　　　　(3) Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)
　　　　(4) Clinical features of myopic retinopathy

Publications

　Published in 2001

　 1. Takashima T, Yokoyama T, Futagami S, Ohno-Matsui K, Tanaka H, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M. The quality of life in patients with pathologic myopia. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2001;45:84-92.

　 2. Seko Y, Pang J, Tokoro T, Ichinose S, Mochizuki M. Blue light-induced apoptosis in cultured retinal pigment epithelium cells of the rat. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2001;239:47-52.

　 3. Suzuki Y, Kiyosawa M, Mochizuki M, Ishii K, Senda M. Cortical blindness following aortic arch surgery. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2001;45:547-549.

　 4. Tagushi C, Sugita S, Yagawa Y, Nishihira J, Mochizuki M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol, 2001;85:1367-1371.

　 5. Ohno-Matsui K, Morita I, Joyce Tombran-Tink, David Mrazek, Onodera M, Uetama T, Hayano M, Murota S, Mochizuki M. Novel mechanism for age-related macular degeneration: an equilibrium shift between the angiogenesis factors VEGF and PEDF. J Cell Physiol, 2001;189:323-333.

　 6. Kiyosawa M, Ishikawa K, Noguchi J, Suzuki F, Senda M. Neuroreceptor bindings and synaptic activity in vusual system of monocularly enucleated rat. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2001;45:264-269.

　 7. Devolder AG, Toyama H, Kimura Y, Kiyosawa M, Nakano H, Vanlierde A, Wanet-Defalque MC, Mishina M, Oda K, Ishiwata K, Senda M. Auditory triggered mental imagery of shape involves visual association areas in early blind humans. Neuroimaging, 2001;14:129-139.

　 8. Jijing P, Kiyosawa M, Seko Y, Yokota T, Harino S, Suzuki J. Clinicopathological report of retinitis pigmentosa with vitamin E deficiency caused by mutation of the alpha-tocophenol transfer protein gene. Jpn J Ophthaomol, 2001;45:672-676.

　 9. Nakayama T, Toyoda H, Ohno K, Yoshiike N, Futagami T. Validity, reliability and acceptability of the Japanese version of the General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS). Quality of Life Research, 2001;9:529-539.

　10. Mori H, Momose K, Nemoto N, Okuyama F, Kimura Y, Kiyosawa M, Mochizuki M. Application of visual evoked potentials for preoperative estimation of visual function in eyes with dense cataract. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2001;239:915-922.

　 Published in 2000

　 1. Sueda J, Hikita N, Mochizuki M, Jimi A, Kojiro M. Kinetics of apoptotic cells in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2000;41:799-804.

　 2. Mochizuki M, Sugita S, Ishikawa N, Watanabe T. Immunoregulation by aqueous humor. Cornea, 2000;19:24-25.

　 3. Kurose S, Ikeda E, Tokiwa M, Hikita N, Mochizuki M. Effects of FTY720, a Novel Immunosuppressant, on Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis in Rats. Exp Eye Res, 2000;70:7-15.

　 4. Sugita S, Taguchi C, Takase H, Sagawa S, Sueda J, Fukushi K, Hikita N, Watanabe T, Itoh K, Mochizuki M. Soluble Fas ligand and soluble Fas in ocular fluid of patients with uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol, 2000;84:1130-1134.

　 5. Kiyosawa M, Mori H, Momose K, Nemoto N, Wang W.F., Suzuki Y, Koyama K, Hirasawa H, Matsubara M, and Mochizuki M. Temporal frequeny characteristics of the visual system of Alzheimer's patients. Neuro-ophthalmology at beginning of the new millennium, 2000;46:179-182.

　 6. Kiyosawa M, Suzuki Y, Mochizuki M, Isii K, and Senda M. Decreased glucose metabolism in medial frontal cortex in patients with apraxia of lid opening. Neuro-ophthalmology at beginning of the new millennium, 2000;46:203-206.

　 7. Kiyosawa M, Mori H, Momose K, Nemoto N, Wang WF, Sizuki Y, Koyama K, Hirasawa H, Matsubara M, Mochizuki M. Temporal frequency characteristics of the visual system of Alzheimer's patients. Neuro-ophthalmol. 2000;23;212.

　 8. Ohno-Matsui K, Hayano M, Futagami S, Tokoro T, Ohno S. Spontaneous involution of a large retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Acta Ophthalmol, 2000;78:114-117.

　 9. Fujita H, Ohno-Matsui K, Futagami S, Tokoro T. Case report: Indocyanine green dye leakage from retinal artery in branch vein acclusion. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2000;44:277-282.

　10. Seko Y, Shimokawa H, Pang JJ, Tokoro T. Disturbance of electrolyte balance in vitreous of chicks with form-deprivation myopia. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2000;44:15-19.

　11. Kobayashi M, Kuroiwa T, Shimokawa R, Okeda R, Tokoro T. Nitric oxide synthase expression in ischemic rat retina. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2000;44:235-244.

　12. Sasuzumi K, Futagami S, Kiyosawa M, Mochizuki M. Bilateral serous retinal detachment associated with Alport's syndrome. Ophthalmologica, 2000;214:301-304.

　13. Ishikawa K, Shimada J, Wang WF, Harakawa H, Ishii SI, Kiyosawa M, Suzuki F, Senda M. Evaluation of iodinated and brominated [11c]styrylxantine derivatives as in vivo radioligands mapping adenosine A2A receptor in the central nervous system. Ann Nucl Med, 2000;14:247-253.

　14. Yokota T, Uchihara T, Kumagai J, Shiojiri T, Pang JJ, Arita M, Arai H, Hayashi M, Kiyosawa M, Okeda R, Mizusawa H. A postmortem study of Friedreich-like ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa by mutation of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein gene. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2000;68:521-525.

　15. Takahashi T, Takse H, Urano T, Sugita S, Miyata K, Miyata N, Mochizuki M. Clinical features of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 uveitis: a long-term follow-up. Ocul Imunol Infl, 2000;8:235-241.

　

　Published in 1999

　 1. Konno Y, Numaga J, Tsuchiya N, Ogawa A, Islam SM, Mochizuki M, Mitsui H, Oda H, Maeda H. HLA-B27 subtypes and HLA class II alleles in Japanese patients with anterior uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1999;40:1838-1844.

　 2. Seki N, Yamaguchi K, Yamada A, Kamizono S, Sugita S, Taguchi C, Masuoka m, Matsumoo H, Nshizaka S, Itoh K, Mochizuki M. Polymorphism of the 5'-flanking region of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene and susceptibility to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) uveitis. J Inf Dis, 1999;180:880-883.

　 3. Yamaguchi K, Sawada T, Naraki T, Igata-Yi R, Shiraki H, Horii Y, Ishii T, Ikeda K, Asou N, Okabe H, Mochizuki M, Takahashi K, Yamada S, Kubo K, Yashiki S, Waltrip II, RW, Carbone KM. Detection of borna disease virus-reactive antibodies from patients with psychiatric disorders and from horses by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Clin Diag Lab Immunol, 1999;6:696-700.

　 4. Hoshino Y, Nagata Y, Taguchi H, Masunaga A, Fujino Y, Mochizuki M, Nakamura T, Iwamoto A. Role of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) - antigenemia assay as a predictive and follow-up detection tool for CMV disease in AIDS patients. Microbiol Immunol, 1999;43:959-965.

　 5. Chan CC, Mochizuki M. Sympathetic ophthalmia: an autoimmune ocular inflammatory disease. Springer Semin Immunopathol, 1999;21:125-134.

　 6. Kitazawa Y, Maekawa E, Sasaki S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M, Ito S. Cooling effect on excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. J Cat Refract Surg, 1999;25:1349-1355.

　 7. Nishiyama M, Nakae K, Yukawa S, Hashimoto T, Inaba G, Mochizuki M, Sakane T. A study of comparison between the nationwide epidemiological survey in 1991 and previous surveys on Behcet's disease in Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 1999;4:130-134.

　 8. Yamamoto JH, Segurado AA, Hirata CE, Sampaio MW, Souza EC, Nukui Y, Cliquet M, Saez-Alquezar A, Olivalves E, Mochizuki M. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection and ocular manifestations in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Arch Ophthalmol, 1999;117:513-517.

　 9. Ando K, Fujino Y, Mochizuki M. Effects of monoclonal antibodies directed at cell surface molecules on murine experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1999;237:848-854.

　10. Baba T, Itakura K, Tanaka R, Kawasaki T, Kiyosawa M, Numano F. Importance of fluorescein angiographic study in evaluating early retinal changes in Takayasu disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1999;43:546-552

　11. Fujino Y, Joko S, Masuda K, Yagi I, Kogure M, Sakai J, Usui M, Kotake S, Matsuda H, Ikeda E, Mochizuki M. Ciclosporin microemulsion preconcentrate treatment of patients with Behcet disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 1999;43:318-326.

　12. Seko Y, Fujikura H, Pang JJ, Tokoro T, Shimokawa H. Induction of vascular endotherial growth factor following application of mechanical stress to retinal pigment epitherium of the rat in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1999;40:3287-3291.

　13. Teramoto S, Ohno-Matsui K, Tokoro T, Ohno S. Bilateral large peripapillary venous and arterial loops. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 1999;43:103-108.

　14. Momose K, Kiyosawa M, Nemoto N, Kimura Y, Okuyama F, Senda M. Visual temporal frequency characteristic determined by pseudorandom stimuli. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 1999;40:50-54.

　

[Graduate School, School of Medicine]

［TOKYO MEDICAL AND DENTAL UNIVERSITY］